Transforming Treatment, End Notes

  1. S Nassir Ghaemi, “Symptomatic Versus Disease-modifying Effects of Psychiatric Drugs,” Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 146, no.3 (June 2, 2022): 251-57, https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13459.
  2. Giorgio Samorini, “The Oldest Representations of Hallucinogenic Mushrooms in the world (Sahara Desert, 9000-7000 B.P.),” Integration Journal of Mind-moving Plants and Culture, no.2/3 (1992).
  3. Stephen Berlant, The entheomycological origin of Egyptian crowns and the esoteric underpinnings of Egyptian religion, image, Scientific Figure on ResearchGate, Accessed December 14, 2022, 2023.https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Left-Glyphs-of-mushroom-crowned-humanoids-on-cliffs-in-Chukchi-region-of-Russia_fig4_7566286.
  4. Mark J. Plotkin, “Richard Evans Schultes: Brief life of a pioneering ethnobotanist and conservationist: 1915-2001,” Harvard Magazine, Accessed 2023, https://www.harvardmagazine.com/profile/mark-j-plotkin. 
  5. Gordon Wasson, “Seeking the Magic Mushrooms,” LIFE (May 13, 1957).
  6. “Psychedelic Research Timeline,” Beckley Foundation, Last modified 2016, https://www.beckleyfoundation.org/psychedelic-research-timeline-2/.
  7. “Timothy Leary,” Harvard University, Accessed April 11, 2023, https://psychology.fas.harvard.edu/people/timothy-leary.
  8. Controlled Substances Act, Public Law 91-513, October 27, 1970.
  9. Huberman, “How Psilocybin Can Rewire Our Brain, Its Therapeutic Benefits, & Its Risks, “ Podcast from Huberman Lab, May 2023. 
  10. “Psychedelics Research and Psilocybin Therapy,” Johns Hopkins Medicine, visited April 12, 2023, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/research/psychedelics-research.html.
  11.  Search of PubMed for all papers with “psilocybin” in the title or abstract.
  12.  “COMP360 psilocybin therapy shows potential in exploratory open-label studies for anorexia nervosa and severe treatment resistant depression,” Compassion, Last modified May 3, 2022, https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2022/05/03/2434369/0/en/COMP360-psilocybin-therapy-shows-potential-in-exploratory-open-label-studies-for-anorexia-nervosa-and-severe-treatment-resistant-depression.html. “Evaluation of Psilocybin in Anorexia Nervosa: Safety and Efficacy,” Clinical Trials, July 25, 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT04661514?term=psilocybin&recrs=ade&phase=012&draw=1&rank=28. 
  13. Alan K Davis et al, “Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Terapy on Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial, JAMA Psychiatry, vol. 5 (2021): 481-489, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285. Guy M. Goodwin et al, “Single-Dose Psilocybin for a Treatment-Resistant Episode of Major Depression,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 387, 18 (2022): 1637-1648, https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2206443. 
  14. Michael P Bogenshutz et al, “Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial,” Jama psychiatry, vol 79,10 (2022): 953-962, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2096. 
  15. Natalie Gukasyan, “Efficacy and safety of psilocybin-assisted treatment for major depressive disorder: Prospective 12-month follow-up,” Journal of Psychopharmacology, vol 36, 2 (February 15, 2022): 151-158, https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811211073. 
  16. Vanessa McMains, “Psychedelic Treatment with Psilocybin Shown to Relieve Major Depression,” Johns Hopkins University, Last modified Nov 11, 2020, https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/11/11/psilocybin-rapidly-treats-depression/#:~:text=The%20antidepressant%20effect%20of%20the,antidepressants%20currently%20on%20the%20market. 
  17. David Nutt, Leslie King, Lawrence Phillips, “Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis,” Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Imperial College, London, UK (November 12, 2010): https://DOI.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(10)61462-6. 
  18. Robert S. Gable, “Comparison of acute lethal toxicity of commonly abused psychoactive substances,” Addiction, vol. 99,6 (2004): 686-96, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00744.
  19. Erich Studerus, “Acute, subacute, and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a pooled analysis of eight experimental studies,” Journal of Psychopharmacology, vol. 25,11 (2011): 1434-52, https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881110382466.
  20. “The Five Most Addictive Substances in the World,” County of Prince George Virginia, Last modified 2021, https://www.princegeorgecountyva.gov/news_detail_T6_R1533.php.
  21. 21 USC 811(c)
  22. Matthew W. Johnson, “The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act,” Neuropharmacology, vol. 142 (2018): 143-166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.012.
  23. “Change to classification of psilocybin and MDMA to enable prescribing by authorised psychiatrists,” Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care, Last modified February 3, 2023, https://www.tga.gov.au/news/media-releases/change-classification-psilocybin-and-mdma-enable-prescribing-authorised-psychiatrists.
  24. “Oregon Psilocybin Services,” Oregon Health Authority, Accessed 2023, https://sharedsystems.dhsoha.state.or.us/DHSForms/Served/le4226.pdf.
  25. Natural Medicine Health Act of 2022, February 4, 2022, https://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/Initiatives/titleBoard/filings/2021-2022/58Final.pdf. 
  26. Senate Bill 709, Maryland, Accessed 2023, https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2022RS/bills/sb/sb0709t.pdf.
  27. Tom Angell, “Denver Voters Approve Measure to Decriminalize Psychedielic Mushrooms, Forbes, Last Modified May 8, 2019, https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomangell/2019/05/08/denver-voters-approve-measure-to-decriminalize-psychedelic-mushrooms/?sh=780bda9d3ddc.
  28. Merrit Kennedy, “Oakland City Council Effectively Decriminalizes Psychedelic Mushrooms,” NPR, Last modified June 5, 2019, https://www.npr.org/2019/06/05/730061916/oakland-city-council-effectively-decriminalizes-psychedelic-mushrooms. Harmeet Kaur, “Santa Cruz Decriminalizes Magic Mushrooms and Other Natural Psychedelics, Making it the Third US City to Take Such a Step,” Central News Network, accessed August 26, 2022, https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/30/us/santa-cruz-mushrooms-psychedelics-trnd/index.html; https://apnews.com/article/ann-arbor-plants-featured-ca-state-wire-mi-state-wire-b0ce69ca0961c150e0f900e8ea4cf432. Andrew Beaujon, “It Sure Looks Like DC Has Decriminalized Magic Mushrooms,” Washingtonian, Last modified November 4, 2020, https://www.washingtonian.com/2020/11/04/it-sure-looks-like-dc-has-decriminalized-magic-mushrooms/.
  29. Deborah Becker, “Cambridge Votes to Decriminalize Psychedelics and All Controlled Substances,” accessed August 26, 2022, https://www.wbur.org/news/2021/02/04/cambridge-votes-to-decriminalize-psychedelics-and-all-controlled-substances. “Office of the City Clerk,” Seattle.gov, Accessed 2023, https://seattle.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=5154227&GUID=2EA44FD1-EDC3-42F2-9F03-291D714C7956&FullText=1https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/detroit-just-decriminalized-psychedelics-and-magic-mushrooms-heres-what-that-means. AJ Herrington, “Washington City Votes to Decriminalize Psychedelics,” Forbes, Accessed 2023, https://www.forbes.com/sites/ajherrington/2021/12/22/washington-city-votes-to-decriminalize-psychedelics/?sh=3b82afa61f42.
  30. “SB-58 Controlled substances: decriminalization of certain hallucinogenic substances,” California Legislative Information, Last modified September 11, 2023, https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB58.
  31. “Substitute for Raised H.B. No. 6734 Session Year 2023, Connecticut General Assembly, Last modified December 18, 2023, https://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=HB06734&which_year=2023.
  32. “HB 549 (2021) – Use of Psilocybin for Mental Health Treatment,” Florida House of Representatives, Accessed 2023, https://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Bills/billsdetail.aspx?BillId=70865.
  33. “Bill Status of HB0001,” Illinois General Assembly, Accessed 2023, https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=1&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=112&GA=103. 
  34. “Legislation: Bill Information,” The Iowa Legislature, Accessed 2023, https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ga=89&ba=HF459. 
  35. “House Bill No. 2465,” Legislature of the State of Kansas, Accessed 2023, http://kslegislature.org/li_2022/b2021_22/measures/documents/hb2465_00_0000.pdf.
  36. “ME LD1582: An Act To Enact the Maine Psilocybin Services Act,” Bill Track 50, Accessed 2023, https://www.billtrack50.com/BillDetail/1367957.
  37. “Bill H.1754: An Act Relative to Plant Medicine,” The General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Accessed 2023, https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/HD1450. 
  38. “Senate Bill 0631,” Michigan Legislature, Accessed 2023, https://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(rshuwkbcyfwd3g5oiucjxxd2))/mileg.aspx?page=getObject&objectname=2021-SB-0631. 
  39. “102nd General Assembly, 1st Regular Session, HB 1154,” Missouri House of Representatives, Accessed 2023, https://www.house.mo.gov/Bill.aspx?bill=HB1154&year=2023&code=R. 
  40. “HB 955: Legalize psilocybin use for PTSD / mental illness treatment,” 2023 Capitol Tracker, Accessed 2023, https://apps.montanafreepress.org/capitol-tracker-2023/bills/hb-955/. 
  41. “SB242,” Nevada Electronic Legislative Information System, Accessed 2023, https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/82nd2023/Bill/10067/Overview. 
  42. “New Hampshire House Bill 328,” Legiscan, Accessed 2023, https://legiscan.com/NH/text/HB328/2023.
  43. “Bill S2934 Session 2022-2023,” New Jersey Legislature, Accessed 2023, https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2022/S2934/bill-text?f=S3000&n=2934_I1.
  44. “Assembly Bill A8569A 2021-2022 Legislative Session,” The New York State Senate, Accessed 2023, https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A8569. 
  45. Annie Szatkowski, “North Carolina bill drafted on psychedelic-assisted therapy research,” Fox 8, Last updated March 23, 2023, https://myfox8.com/news/north-carolina/north-carolina-bill-drafted-on-psychedelic-assisted-therapy-research/.
  46. “Bill Information for HB 2107,” Oklahoma State Legislature, Accessed 2023,  http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb2107&Session=2300. 
  47. “Rhode Island Senate Bill 806,” Legiscan, Accessed 2023, https://legiscan.com/RI/bill/S0806/2023#:~:text=Rhode%20Island%20Senate%20Bill%20806&text=Amends%20law%20on%20controlled%20substances,person%27s%20residence%20for%20personal%20use. 
  48. “S.B. 200 Psilocybin Recommendation Pilot Program Amendments,” Utah State Legislature, Accessed 2023, https://le.utah.gov/~2023/bills/static/SB0200.html. 
  49. “H.423 2023-2024,” Vermont General Assembly, Accessed 2023, https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.423. “H.371 2023-2024,” Vermont General Assembly, Accessed 2023, https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.371. 
  50. 2022 Session: SB 262 Psilocybin or psilocyn; possession, civil penalty,” Virginia’s Legislative Information System, Accessed 2023, https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?221+sum+SB262. 
  51. “Certification of Enrollment, Second Substitute SEnate Bill 5263,” Washington Legislature, Accessed 2023, https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2023-24/Pdf/Bills/Senate%20Passed%20Legislature/5263-S2.PL.pdf#page=1. The original version of the bill would have legalized psilocybin. The watered-down version that passed created agencies to create a regulatory framework to have psilocybin at some point and ordered the University of Washington to offer psilocybin as allowed by FDA research.
  52. “S.B. No. 3160 S.D. 2,” The Senate Thirty-First Legislature, 2022, State of Hawaii, Accessed 2023, https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessions/session2022/bills/SB3160_SD2_.HTM.
  53. “2023 Regular Session – HB 393,” New Mexico Legislature, Accessed 2023, https://www.nmlegis.gov/Legislation/Legislation?chamber=H&legtype=B&legno=393&year=23. 
  54. “Bill History for HB2486,” Arizona State Legislature, Accessed 2023, https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/BillOverview/78594. 
  55. “HR 896: House Study Committee on Alternative Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Resources for Veterans; create,” Georgia General Assembly, Accessed 2023, https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/62532. 
  56. “HF 1884,” Minnesota Legislature, Accessed 2023, https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/text.php?number=HF1884&version=latest&session=92&session_number=0&session_year=2023.
  57. “Regular Session 2021-2022 House Bill 1959,” Pennsylvania General Assembly, Accessed 2023, https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billinfo/BillInfo.cfm?syear=2021&sind=0&body=H&type=B&bn=1959. 
  58. “H.B. No. 1802,” Texas Legislature, Accessed 2023, https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/87R/billtext/html/HB01802I.htm. 
  59. “Drug Enforcement Administration,” DEA, Last modified September 27, 2018, https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2018/09/27/fda-approved-drug-epidiolex-placed-schedule-v-controlled-substance-act. 
  60. 21 USC §811.
  61. Barth Wilsey, “An Exploratory Human Laboratory Experiment Evaluating Vaporized Cannabis in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain From Spinal Cord Injury and Disease,” The Journal of Pain, vol. 17,9 (2016): 982-1000, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2016.05.010. 
  62. “Denial of Petition To Initiate Proceedings To Reschedule Marijuana,” National Archives, Accessed 2023, https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/08/12/2016-17960/denial-of-petition-to-initiate-proceedings-to-reschedule-marijuana. 
  63. Yasemin Saplakoglu, “FDA Calls Psychedelic Psilocybin a ‘Breakthrough Therapy’ for Secere Depression,” LiveScience, Last modifed Noember 25, 2019, https://www.livescience.com/psilocybin-depression-breakthrough-therapy.html. “Compass Pathways receives FDA Breakthrough Therapy designation for psilocybin therapy for treatment-resistant depression,” Compass, Last modified October 23, 2018, https://compasspathways.com/compass-pathways-receives-fda-breakthrough-therapy-designation-for-psilocybin-therapy-for-treatment-resistant-depression/. 
  64. 21 USC § 822
  65. “2022 Annual Report for the Center for Medical Cannabis,” Utah Department of Health & Human Services, Last modified 2022, https://medicalcannabis.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/DHHS_Center-for-Medical-Cannabis-Annual-Report_2022.pdf.
  66.  

Director of Communications